Cooperatives as a mechanism for labor formalization in the agricultural sector and their relationship to the improvement of working conditions for their members in the department of Norte de Santander

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to analyze the role of agricultural cooperatives in the department of Norte de Santander in improving working conditions for their members and their contribution to rural employment formalization. A qualitative descriptive-analytical study was conducted through documentary analysis of the national and international regulatory framework and case studies of active cooperatives identified through official records of the Superintendence of Solidarity Economy, from which information was requested through petitions. Results show that of thirteen cooperatives contacted, only two responded (COOPERACAFE and COAGROCAÑA), evidencing weaknesses in institutional transparency. Both organizations offer benefits that improve marketing conditions and access to services but do not guarantee comprehensive social security. Low female participation in cooperative structures and ambiguities in the member-cooperative relationship that perpetuate informality were identified. It is concluded that, although cooperatives contribute to economic well-being through associativity and solidarity economy, they face structural and regulatory limitations to become effective mechanisms for full labor formalization, requiring legislative updates, strengthening of state supervision, and promotion of greater equity and inclusion in rural areas.