Colgajos locales para la reconstrucción de defectos en extremidades inferiores: revisión actualizada de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24054/cbs.v4i1.4293Palabras clave:
Colgajos Quirúrgicos, Colgajo Perforante, Colgajo Miocutáneo, Extremidad Inferior, Cirugía PlásticaResumen
Los colgajos libres son la referencia reconstructiva para defectos en extremidades inferiores; sin embargo, el uso de colgajos locales basados en perforantes ha aumentado debido a su menor complejidad, tiempos quirúrgicos reducidos y menor costo. Esta revisión analiza su aplicación, beneficios, complicaciones y limitaciones. En esta revisión se realizó una exploración de la literatura a partir de una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y SciELO, utilizando los términos MeSH descritos. Se seleccionaron los artículos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos. Se identificaron múltiples colgajos locales empleados en la reconstrucción de defectos en extremidades inferiores; entre ellos se mencionan el colgajo gastrocnemio, el sóleo, el sural de flujo reverso, el colgajo en hélice y el keystone, cada uno con indicaciones específicas según localización y extensión del defecto. Las innovaciones recientes incluyen el uso de colgajos basados en perforantes, planeación quirúrgica asistida por ultrasonido o angiografía. En contextos de recursos limitados, opciones como el colgajo en hélice y el sural de flujo reverso destacan por su versatilidad, menor complejidad técnica y reducción de tiempos operatorios en comparación con los colgajos libres. Por lo anterior, los colgajos locales siguen siendo una opción vigente, segura, versátil y costo-efectiva para la cobertura de defectos cutáneos en extremidades inferiores. Especialmente útiles en entornos con recursos limitados, se requieren estudios adicionales para optimizar su selección y estandarizar protocolos
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
