EL USO DE VARIABLES BIOMÉTRICAS Y MECÁNICAS EN MODELOS DE PREDICCIÓN PARA EL CÁLCULO DE UNA 1RM EN PRESS DE BANCA
Keywords:
Press de Banca, Ecuaciones Predictivas, 1RM, Variables BiométricasAbstract
El propósito de esta investigación fue desarrollar un modelo predictivo biométrico-funcional para el cálculo de la 1RM en press de banca, que pueda ser utilizado para la prescripción de programas de entrenamiento en diferentes poblaciones. Para ello 47 participantes, estudiantes varones de educación física (Edad 22,55 ± 1,81 años; Talla 176,39 ± 5,5 cm; Peso 72,47 ± 6,5 Kg; Porcentaje graso 14,11 ± 3,5; Porcentaje muscular 60,88 ± 8,5), fueron evaluados en press de banca horizontal en pórtico guiado mediante un test de cargas progresivas hasta alcanzar su 1RM en dos situaciones de agarre 90º y 105º. Las variables biométricas tomadas fueron pliegues cutáneos (bíceps, tríceps, pectoral), circunferencias (pecho, brazo relajado, brazo contraído y muñeca), diámetros (biacromial, bicondilo del húmero y biestiloideo) y porcentajes graso y muscular. Tras análisis de regresión lineal múltiple se obtuvieron cuatro modelos predictivos. Dos de los modelos aceptaron las variables biométricas y mecánicas, relacionadas con la distancia de agarre, R2 = 0.73 para la situación de 90º y de R2 = 0.75 para la de 105º. Los otros dos modelos solo se construyeron con variables biométricas, R2 = 0.69 para la situación de 90º y de R2 = 0.70 para la de 105º. Como conclusión principal el modelo predictivo biométrico-funcional obtenido es útil para su aplicación en la prescripción de entrenamiento de la fuerza en press de banca horizontal en una muestra de deportistas jóvenes con diferente nivel de condición física.
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