Protective effect of caffeine in Parkinson's disease: Systematic review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons of the para compacta of the substantia nigra, which provide dopaminergic innervation to the striatum. These two structures are part of the basal ganglia. For the typical symptoms of the disease to begin to manifest, there must be a neuronal loss of at least 80%. Many studies have established the relationship between Parkinson's and caffeine, mainly because caffeine acts on A2 adenosine receptors in D2 dopaminergic neurons present in the substantia nigra, demonstrating its neuroprotective effect. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out in PubMed, a reliable and specialized database in health sciences, in which quantitative reviews of the consumption or administration of caffeine and its protective effect in Parkinson's disease were sought from the year 2013 to the year 2023. RESULTS: Of the total articles selected for our study, 2 groups were disaggregated, the first group contemplates a sample of patients diagnosed with PD in an early stage and the second is based on a sample of patients diagnosed with PD in a late stage. the association of both groups was analyzed by means of a forest diagram. CONCLUSION: The systematic review and each one of the articles considered for the execution of this work support the original hypothesis that coffee does have protective effects in Parkinson's disease, indicating that coffee is an effective treatment.