Visión de las competencias en arquitectura de software integrando las perspectivas de la industria y la academia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24054/rcta.v1i43.2798Palabras clave:
competencias en el aprendizaje, arquitectos de software, investigación-acción, industria de softwareResumen
(Propósito) La formación de un arquitecto de software es una labor compleja que requiere de una mezcla de experiencia y conocimiento especializado que es difícil lograr en el contexto universitario. Este artículo busca determinar las competencias mínimas que debe lograr un arquitecto de software cubriendo la expectativa de la industria, así como el contexto formativo de las universidades e instituciones de educación superior. (Métodos) Para identificar y documentar estas competencias, se realizó un ciclo de investigación-acción, en el cual se diseñó un estudio basado en encuestas y talleres en el que participaron ingenieros de software de la industria y profesores universitarios que imparten cursos relacionados con el diseño y evaluación de la arquitectura. Para dar contexto al estudio de caso se sitúa de forma específica el problema y se definen las preguntas de la investigación. En paralelo, se realizó una revisión de la literatura para profundizar en el tema de estudio para diseñar adecuadamente los instrumentos del estudio. De acuerdo al propósito y con el contexto literario establecido, se diseñó, ejecutó y reportó el estudio. Finalmente se realizó una reflexión tanto de los resultados como los aprendizajes cerrando el ciclo de investigación-acción. (Resultados) Como primer hallazgo, el estudio arroja un conjunto de 11 competencias esenciales a nivel de arquitectura de software que la industria espera de los egresados de las cuales todas son competencias técnicas y ninguna competencia blanda. Como segundo hallazgo, el estudio permitió determinar que las universidades en un 16.1% no abordan las competencias obligatorias y en un 11.7% poco se abordan. (Conclusión) La discrepancia entre lo que se enseña en las universidades y lo que la industria de software espera es un problema que se evidencia a través de este estudio. Alinear los cursos de arquitectura de software con los requisitos de la industria es crucial para los planes de estudio de ciencias de la computación, ingeniería de sistemas y programas relacionados. Sin embargo, desarrollar en los estudiantes, las competencias demandadas por la industria, plantea numerosos restos. Conocer las competencias que requiere la industria es el primer paso para crear cursos que ayuden a la empleabilidad de los recién egresados. La identificación de qué competencias se pueden ir incorporando con menor esfuerzo y mayor eficacia permiten trazar una ruta en la que las universidades puedan iniciar ese camino hacia el cubrimiento de las expectativas de la industria de software.
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