Site-Specific Modeling of Continuous Electromagnetic Field Exposure in Bogotá
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24054/rcta.v2i48.4411Keywords:
electromagnetic field monitoring, Bogotá, open data, fixed-effects modeling, mixed-effects models, regression diagnostics, telecommunications infrastructureAbstract
This study develops and validates a reproducible, site-sensitive workflow for analyzing continuous electromagnetic field monitoring data published as open data by the National Spectrum Agency (ANE) of Colombia. The Bogotá subset contains 481,148 broadband electric field measurements averaged over six-minute intervals, collected by nine fixed probes between November 2, 2023, and June 30, 2024. After harmonizing timestamps and applying a completeness filter, 2,009 probe-day records were analyzed. To account for the longitudinal structure of the dataset, two ordinary least squares log-linear specifications with HC3 robust inference were compared with a random-intercept mixed-effects model, and an additional model was estimated for the daily 95th percentile. The temporal-only model explained little variation in mean daily exposure (adjusted R² = 0.007), whereas the model with probe fixed effects captured most of the variability (adjusted R² = 0.964). The mixed-effects model led to the same interpretation (marginal R² = 0.016; conditional R² = 0.964), while the p95 model retained a strongly site-dependent structure (adjusted R² = 0.951). Regression diagnostics indicated non-normality, heteroscedasticity, and positive residual autocorrelation, but no high-leverage observations or influential observation capable of explaining the high model fit were identified. The maximum six-minute field observed was 0.21011 V/m, below 1% of the public contextual reference value of 28 V/m. The differential contribution of this study is not to make a general claim that site conditions matter, but rather to validate this structure specifically for Bogotá through an auditable open-data workflow that reports complete coefficients, diagnostics, and robustness in the upper tail.
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