Desarrollo de una estrategia de control para una válvula de autocierre en pozos de producción
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24054/rcta.v2i48.4630Palabras clave:
control basado en eventos, resiliencia operativa, automatización de válvulas de estrangulación, automatización industrial, control PLC, sistemas SCADA, sistemas de producción de petróleo, recuperación adaptativaResumen
Uno de los mayores retos en los pozos petroleros automatizados es mantener la continuidad de la operación frente a los cambios repentinos de presión que provocan paradas no programadas. Los esquemas tradicionales de control PID continuo se quedan cortos cuando el proceso se vuelve muy dinámico, mientras que alternativas avanzadas como la perforación con presión controlada (MPD) resultan costosas y difíciles de implementar por su complejidad técnica. En este artículo se presenta una alternativa basada en eventos y niveles de severidad operativa para operar válvulas de estrangulación (choke valves). El desarrollo combina controladores PLC, supervisión SCADA, escalamiento de alarmas y una reapertura gradual para controlar eventos críticos de forma autónoma. Durante las pruebas en campo, la arquitectura registró 62 intervenciones automáticas sin paros de planta, reaccionando en menos de 3 segundos y logrando una recuperación superior al 90 % en eventos transitorios. Esto demuestra que es posible estabilizar el proceso y reducir la dependencia del operador mas no eliminarlo de la operación mediante una solución práctica y fácil de integrar en plantas existentes.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Diego Fernando Molina Ortega, Camilo Ernesto Pardo Beainy, Edgar Andrés Gutiérrez Cáceres
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
