Consumption of illegal psychoactive substances in patients of the Erasmo Meoz University Hospital in the year 2019 to 2022: a clinical and sociodemographic characterization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24054/cbs.v2i4.3289Keywords:
Psychotropic Drugs, Substance-Related Disorders, Socioeconomic Factors, ToxicologyAbstract
Introduction: The use of illegal psychoactive substances is a public health issue that impacts patients' quality of life and psychosocial well-being, in addition to generating high public resource costs. Objective: This study, conducted at the Erasmo Meoz University Hospital in Cúcuta, aimed to characterize patients who consume these substances by analyzing sociodemographic variables, detected substances, medical management, and interdisciplinary approaches. Method: This is a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, retrospective, cross-sectional study. A total of 426 medical records were identified, and after applying inclusion criteria, 369 records were analyzed. Results: The median age of the patients was 26 years, with 82% being men. Twenty-one percent were homeless, and 53% were single. Fifty-two percent visited the emergency department due to acute intoxication, and 24% for withdrawal syndrome. The average hospital stay was 2.3 days. 49.6% denied experiencing cravings, while 38.5% did. Interdisciplinary management primarily involved social work, psychology, psychiatry, and toxicology, with pharmacological treatment based on benzodiazepines and mood stabilizers. There were two deaths associated with substance use. Discussion: The study reflects the national trend in marijuana and cocaine use, with initiation ages between 10 and 20 years. Low adherence to treatment and underreporting in the detection of dual pathologies were identified. These findings highlight the importance of having local epidemiological data to develop effective public health policies.
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