Subestaciones digitales: impulsando la sostenibilidad y ciberseguridad para el sector eléctrico a partir de soluciones emergentes

Oscar Andrés Tobar Rosero; Luis Fernando Quintero Henao; Ernesto Pérez González

doi:10.24054/rcta.v2i46.4101

Autores/as

Oscar Andrés Tobar Rosero Universidad Nacional de Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-5308
Luis Fernando Quintero Henao Enterprise Innovation https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-5495
Ernesto Pérez González Universidad Nacional de Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-3903

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24054/rcta.v2i46.4101

Palabras clave:

subestaciones digitales, ciberseguridad, tecnologías emergentes, sistemas de comunicación, sistemas eléctricos, transformación digital

Resumen

La digitalización de las subestaciones eléctricas, basada en el estándar IEC 61850, representa un eje fundamental en la modernización de las redes eléctricas hacia sistemas más sostenibles, eficientes y seguros. Este artículo examina el papel de las subestaciones digitales y el impacto de tecnologías emergentes como Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Blockchain, aprendizaje automático (ML) y la virtualización de funciones de red (NFV) en la automatización, análisis en tiempo real y resiliencia frente a amenazas cibernéticas. Se abordan los desafíos asociados a su implementación, incluyendo la interoperabilidad con sistemas legados, los riesgos de ciberseguridad y los costos de modernización, con énfasis en economías emergentes. Asimismo, se identifican oportunidades para avanzar hacia redes más descentralizadas e inteligentes, destacando el caso colombiano como referencia. El análisis ofrece una visión integral sobre las barreras y beneficios de estas tecnologías en la transición hacia infraestructuras eléctricas digitales, interoperables y resilientes.

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