Active Longevity in Nicoya: Occupational and Functional Analysis of Centenarians in the Blue Zone

Abstract

Introduction: The phenomenon of extreme longevity constitutes a field of growing interest within the health sciences. In particular, the so-called Blue Zones (geographic regions characterized by a high concentration of centenarians) offer a privileged setting for the analysis of factors that influence the quality and functionality of old age. Objective: This study analyzes the occupational and functional performance of 33 centenarians residing in the Blue Zone of the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, between 2021 and 2022. Methodology: A mixed approach was used, combining gerontological, social, and health perspectives, with the aim of understanding the factors that facilitate autonomy in advanced old age. The primary assessment instrument was the Delta Test, a tool that measures the degree of dependence in activities of daily living, distinguishing between physical and psychological dependence. Methodology: A mixed approach was used, combining gerontological, social, and health perspectives, with the aim of understanding the factors that facilitate autonomy in advanced old age. The primary assessment instrument was the Delta Test, a tool that measures the degree of dependence in activities of daily living, distinguishing between physical and psychological dependence. Results: They show that a significant percentage of participants maintain notable levels of independence despite their advanced age, which is associated with the continued practice of occupational activities, strong family networks, traditional diet, and a sense of purpose. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of the Nicoyan sociocultural context and the intervention of Occupational Therapy as a discipline that promotes healthy aging.