Occupational Therapy Intervention in Neonates and Children in Intensive Care Units: a Comprehensive approach

Abstract

This article aims to examine the role of Occupational Therapy in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). To this end, various materials and methods were used, including a bibliographic search in databases such as Medline, Scopus, Mendeleiev, Meta Revista, Science Direct, Dialnet, and Scielo, followed by a theoretical analysis based on documentary review. It demonstrates how Occupational Therapy directly and significantly contributes to the neonatal occupational well-being, improving developmental outcomes and the quality of life of premature or ill newborns. This paper critically reviews current literature on the effectiveness and benefits of Occupational Therapy in the NICU, highlighting the importance of early intervention to mitigate the consequences of admission, such as motor, sensory, and cognitive delays. The main areas of focus are discussed: promotion of neuromuscular development, sensory regulation, oral feeding, parent–infant interaction, and emotional support for families. Challenges that hinder effective implementation of Occupational Therapy in the NICU, such as limited resources, are also explored, along with strategies to overcome them, including interdisciplinary training and professional collaboration. In conclusion, this study underscores the crucial role of Occupational Therapy in the NICU to optimize the development and well-being of premature or ill newborns, emphasizing the need to continue researching and promoting its integration as an essential component of neonatal care.