Efecto de relaves mineros, cáscaras de yuca y desechos de cáscara de arroz en el desempeño y durabilidad de los ladrillos cocidos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24054/bistua.v21i1.2334Palabras clave:
Minería y agricultura, Desechos, Ladrillos cocidos, Materiales de construcción, Desempeño y durabilidadResumen
Dos de las principales actividades económicas que contribuyen a los países en desarrollo son la minería y la agricultura. En Colombia, la producción de arroz y yuca constituye una de las actividades agrícolas más importantes que genera grandes cantidades de biomasa. Por otra parte, los residuos mineros pueden ser dispuestos de forma inadecuada, constituyendo una grave amenaza para el medio ambiente, principalmente para la calidad de las aguas superficiales y subterráneas. La acumulación de estos residuos industriales no gestionados ha dado lugar a una mayor preocupación medioambiental. Los residuos agrícolas y mineros tienen una aplicación restringida a pesar de su considerable valor potencial. La valorización, el reciclaje y el uso de estos residuos industriales en el desarrollo de materiales de construcción sostenibles parecen ser una solución viable no solo para mitigar el impacto ambiental sino también una opción económica para desarrollar técnicas de construcción ecológica. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el efecto de la incorporación de cáscaras de yuca, cascarilla de arroz y relaves mineros sobre las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de los ladrillos a base de desechos, y así contribuir al componente de sustentabilidad de la industria de la construcción. Las materias primas fueron analizadas por difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido para conocer su composición mineral y química. Los ladrillos a base de residuos se fabricaron con diferentes cantidades de residuos. El comportamiento mecánico de los ladrillos propuestos se evaluó mediante la resistencia a la compresión y a la flexión. La durabilidad se probó mediante ataque químico con H2SO4 y NaCl en condiciones ambientales corrosivas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la adición racional de residuos agrícolas y mineros constituye una alternativa viable para el desarrollo de nuevos materiales de construcción.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Mario Alberto Saucedo Coley, Carlos Alberto Ríos Reyes, German Adolfo Díaz Ramírez
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