Evolución Química y Biotecnológica de Moléculas con Actividad de Tipo Auxina: Una Revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24054/bistua.v20i1.1214Palabras clave:
Auxina, Regulador del Crecimiento Vegetal, Herbicida Sintético tipo AuxinaResumen
Según valoraciones demográficas, se requiere aumentar un 70% la productividad agrícola para poder alimentar 9.000 millones de personas adicionales en el año 2050, aun cuando factores bióticos-abióticos dificultan dicho propósito. Con el objetivo de impulsar el desarrollo de nuevos herbicidas, esta revisión sistemática de compilación analizó la evolución química y biotecnológica de moléculas con actividad de tipo auxina. Para ello, se buscó información científica sobre descriptores físico-químicos de auxinas, clasificación agroquímica y usos según el sitio de acción, a fin de describir los cambios acaecidos desde su descubrimiento hasta nuestros días. El análisis crítico químico reveló que la síntesis industrial e innovación en los últimos 70 años ha sido escasa, y adicionalmente, los compuestos comercializados no siguen un patrón farmacofórico definido por carecer de homología estructural con el IAA. Es menester comprender desde un enfoque genómico la bioquímica ligando-receptor y los mecanismos transportadores asociados, para dirigir con herramientas computacionales la síntesis racional de moléculas que evadan mecanismos de resistencia. El análisis biotecnológico mostró que la industrialización de la agricultura y la aparición de plantas transgénicas forzó la incorporación de herbicidas tipo auxina para eliminar malezas y mejorar el rendimiento de cultivos, aunque su mala utilización provocó resistencia y contaminación ambiental, lo que está llevándolos al desuso y posesionando los PGPR y PGPB como alternativas funcionales a nivel de laboratorio y pequeña escala. Finalmente, se concluye que el problema de resistencia a herbicidas no podrá ser subsanado hasta que se articule el trinomio agricultor-gobierno-academia.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Harriete del Rosario Duran Sandoval, Jorge Eliecer Espitia Baena, Giovanni Orlando Cancino Escalante
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
