FACE: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales
The "FACE" journal is a scientific publication aimed at advancing the field of Business and Finance within the context of Social Sciences. It focuses on disseminating original, unpublished articles of research, reflection, and review. Although the official language of the journal is Spanish, contributions in English and Portuguese are accepted. This journal provides open access to its contents and does not charge any fees to authors for the submission or publication of works. Its target audience includes the academic, scientific, and professional community at regional, national, and international levels. Indexing: Latindex, Publindex, Dialnet, MIAR, REDIB, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Others. Frequency: Quarterly. Print ISSN: 1794-9920 (2005 - 2022), Online ISSN: 2500-9338 Publindex Category: C
In this edition, we are pleased to highlight the collective contribution of researchers from higher education institutions in South America, Central America, and Europe, whose work enriches the academic dialogue of our journal. Volume 25 is organized around three fundamental thematic axes: the first addresses organizational climate, job performance, and financial education as key components for institutional development; the second brings together productive innovation, supply chain management, and quantitative models applied to economic and operational analysis; and the third examines digital marketing, web positioning, artificial intelligence, and contemporary sociocultural challenges, revealing how digital transformation, technological ethics, and the protection of cultural diversity shape decisive challenges for the social and business future. It is also significant to highlight the participation of authors affiliated with higher education institutions in the international context, including the Universidad Veracruzana (Mexico), the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (Mexico), the Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (Ecuador), the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (Brazil), and the Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio (Spain). These institutions contribute works that address relevant topics in management, accounting, marketing, supply chain, innovation, and technology, demonstrating the international reach and academic diversity that characterize this publication. Likewise, we underscore the valuable contribution of Colombian researchers from institutions such as the Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria, the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia (Bogotá), the Universidad de Cartagena, the Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, the Universidad Antonio Nariño, the Universidad Libre de Colombia, the Universidad Externado de Colombia, and the Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia. Their contributions strengthen national representation and reaffirm the interest of the Colombian scientific community in disseminating high-impact research results. This issue constitutes a meeting point for academic perspectives that converge on administration, technology, sustainability, social innovation, education, and critical thinking. The thematic and methodological plurality present in the articles demonstrates the renewal and consolidation of the FACE journal in its twenty-fifth year, as well as its role as a space for interdisciplinary reflection and rigorous academic development. We invite the scientific community to read, comment on, and disseminate the published works so that their impact transcends this volume and contributes to the generation of useful, relevant, and transformative knowledge. We are pleased to present Volume 25, Issue 3 of the FACE journal, reaffirming our commitment to editorial excellence, open access, and the promotion of interdisciplinary research in the Americas. We express our gratitude to the authors from Mexico, Brazil, Ecuador, Spain, and Colombia for entrusting their research to the FACE journal and enabling this space to continue serving as a bridge between regions and academic cultures, fostering scientific production with global and regional impact.
Copyright (c) 2025 Javier Mauricio García Mogollón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Artificial intelligence in the training of marketing Professionals case ULEAM 2023
The arrival of Artificial Intelligence into everyday life is an opportunity to explore different ways of being able to perform known activities and learn something in the future, which is a natural effect that occurs after its constant use, as occurred with other ICTs. Higher education is prone to these changes; and, for this topic in question, the objective is to determine the impact of AI in the training of marketing professionals at the Laica Eloy Alfaro University of Manabí, year 2023. This bibliographic, field, causal, non-experimental and whose route is quantitative, the population studied is 134 professionals, who were considered 100%, whose results allow us to obtain real and precise results.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oscar Smith Vinces Mora, Estela Rossana Sabando Mendoza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Digital marketing: its impact on market growth in naturopathic medicine - Santo Domingo, Ecuador
In the digital age, online presence is crucial for any industry, including naturopathic medicine. The research focused on Digital Marketing and its impact on market growth in naturopathic medicine in Santo Domingo. Justified by the need for digital adaptation in alternative health, a descriptive and correlational methodology was used with a 12-question survey applied to a sample of 196 individuals. The reliability statistic analysis (Cronbach's Alpha) yielded a result of 0.927, validating the construct of the tool used. The objectives included evaluating the knowledge and perception of naturopathic medicine through social media and determining the effect of digital strategies on customer acceptance. The results indicated a moderate positive correlation between the use of digital marketing and the perception of naturopathic medicine. It was concluded that a solid digital strategy could be key to the success and expansion of naturopathic medicine in the local market.
Copyright (c) 2025 Manuel Antonio Chica Anchundia,Ulises Federico Mero Chávez,Ulises Federico Mero Chávez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Web positioning optimization of rotanuncio in manta/ecuador through AI-generated strategies
This scientific article explores the web positioning optimization of Rotanuncio - Graphic Solutions in Manta, Ecuador, through strategies driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI, as a groundbreaking technology, could enhance traditional SEO strategies, being key to visibility and ranking in search engines. The research encompasses literature review, specialist interviews, and case analysis, delving into the intersection between AI and SEO optimization. This study can contribute to specialists and entrepreneurs, serving as a foundation for future research on a topic with limited information.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jean Paúl Guevara Carrasco, Pablo Vidal Fernández, Marco Iván Granda García https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Bibliometric analysis: exploring the main trends in sustainability in the food industry
In rural and border contexts, migrant students face multiple barriers that limit their access to an adequate quality of life, including a lack of knowledge and skills to make sound financial decisions. Therefore, a communication strategy was designed and implemented through social media (WhatsApp and Facebook) to promote financial literacy among rural migrant secondary school students. The research employed a mixed design and concurrent approach. Quantitatively, a socioeconomic profile and a pretest-posttest were applied, and qualitatively, semi-structured interviews and a field diary were used. Both instruments were constructed and validated through expert judgment. The sample consisted of 12 Venezuelan migrant students residing in rural areas. A sample of 12 Venezuelan migrant students residing in rural areas and enrolled in seventh through eleventh grades was used. Eleven students attended the Nuestra Señora del Pilar Educational Institution in the municipality of Pamplonita, Norte de Santander Department. The intervention was carried out in five phases with in-person meetings where topics such as financial capabilities, financial competencies, financial decision-making, and economic knowledge were addressed through recreational, psychoeducational, and digital activities. The quantitative results were analyzed using SPSS, which showed a significant increase in the total financial literacy score (mean pretest = 22.08; posttest = 38.50; p < 0.05). At the qualitative level, the interviews and field diary revealed a cognitive, emotional, and behavioral transformation in the participants' approach to money use. They developed skills and abilities, including digital ones. Finally, the pedagogical use of social media proved to be an effective and transformative strategy for promoting financial literacy in rural and border contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anguie Daniela Galviz Leal, Julia Carolina Castro Maldonado, Orlando González Gómez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Constitutional Principle of the Recognition and Protection of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Colombia
This article analyzes the constitutional principle of recognizing and protecting ethnic and cultural diversity in Colombia, particularly in relation to the State's responsibility toward ethnic communities and the actions of the Armed Forces in their territories. From a legal and constitutional perspective, it examines the doctrinal, historical, international, and jurisprudential foundations that shape the mandate of respect, assistance, and non-arbitrary intervention in areas traditionally inhabited by Indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples. The research addresses the tensions between national security, territorial sovereignty, and ethnic self-determination, situating the analysis within the context of the 1991 Political Constitution and the most relevant decisions of the Constitutional Court. This approach allows for the establishment of differentiating legal criteria that guide State action from a paradigm of legal pluralism, enhanced protection, and a differentiated territorial approach
Copyright (c) 2025 Román Francisco Téllez Navarro, Jacqueline Blanco Blanco, Zilath Romero González https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Exclusive use typography as a document authentication tool in times of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence, a tool that for decades remained a subjective conception of science fiction, has experienced a significant increase in its practical utility for the general public since the beginning of the 2020s. These tools, which have a variety of uses due to their capacity for learning, autonomy, and resolution of complex situations, have been put at the service of cybercriminals, all under an institutional gaze without active regulation by Latin American States. Document forgery is one of the most frequent crimes that involve AI as a tool to be carried out, not only because of the ease with which these tools replicate documents or images today, but also because of the unregulated access that criminals have to them. Law, as a science that regulates society, must be in constant evolution. However, faced with limitless development such as that of artificial intelligence, academia must present a possible solution to prevent the falsification of virtual documents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Flor María Torres Guzmán, Víctor Alejandro Franco Ortiz, Fernando Luna Salas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Impact Of The Covid-19 Infodemic On The Mental Health Of Older Adults: Challenges And Solutions In The Context Of Marketing
Introduction: The COVID-19 health situation has raised interest in identifying the impact on the mental health of older adults due to the susceptibility to abundant and false information that emerges from the media, which generates the phenomenon known as "infodemic". Objective: To analyze the relationship between the infodemic on COVID-19 and its impact on the mental health of older adults. Methodology: Mixed study with an explicit sequential strategy, instruments used in 292 older adults: Geriatric Depression Scale and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. Carried out in two phases: the first phase collected information from older adults through the forms platform, for the analysis, inferential statistics were used with the help of Excel and SPSS programs, and the correlation of variables was performed, and the second phase involved a qualitative study. Results: It was identified that the greater the exposure to information about COVID-19 through the media, the more depression and anxiety are manifested in older adults, with a P-value = .000, a significant data, gender origin studies. Conclusions: Health crises affect the mental health of older adults, impacting various resources, it is crucial to understand these repercussions to implement mitigation strategies, improving the quality and veracity of information through public policies and communication, to protect their mental health in future crises.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aracely Díaz Oviedo, Ricardo Bezerra Cavalcante https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Predictive Models for Strawberry supply estimation in Cundinamarca. A comparative Approach Using Machine Learning and Regression
Strawberry cultivation in Cundinamarca represents a key agricultural activity with a significant regional economic impact. This study aims to evaluate and compare different forecasting models to estimate the future supply of strawberries, considering variables such as cultivated area, yield, and production. Time series methods (Holt and Brown exponential smoothing), the AdaBoost algorithm, and a multiple linear regression model were applied, using historical data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Agronet. The results indicate that the multiple linear regression model exhibited the best performance, achieving a coefficient of determination of 0.9947 and outperforming the time series methods, which presented average errors exceeding 17%. Normality and homoscedasticity tests statistically validated the robustness of models. It is concluded that the proposed model provides an effective tool for agricultural planning in Cundinamarca allowing for projections of production increases associated with the expansion of cultivated areas and improvements in yield per hectare. Future research is recommended to integrate climatic variables and agricultural policy factors to enhance forecasting accuracy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oscar Mauricio Gelves Alarcón,Nataly Lorena Guarín Cortés,María Paula Peña Martínez, María Fernanda Rebolledo Marulanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Innovation and marketing of tagua as a sustainable artisanal product in Chiquinquirá, Boyacá
Tagua, known as vegetable ivory, represents a natural resource of significant ecological, cultural, and economic value in the region of Chiquinquirá, Boyacá. Its artisanal use has enabled the development of identity-based products that reflect the symbolic richness of the territory. In this context, it becomes necessary to understand how innovation and sustainability influence the production and commercialization of these items. The central objective of this review article is to analyze the innovation and commercialization processes of tagua as a sustainable artisanal product in the city of Chiquinquirá. A quantitative, descriptive methodological approach was applied. Given the small population universe (six active businesses), a census was used, and the data collection instrument was a structured survey consisting of 19 questions. The data were tabulated in Excel and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including absolute and relative frequencies and proportion formulas. Among the main findings, it stands out that 66.7% of the most in-demand products among tourists are religious decorative items. Additionally, although 100% of artisans recognize the importance of innovation, only 50% have implemented effective changes. Moreover, 83.3% believe that customers would pay more for innovative products, although uncertainty remains regarding economic return. In conclusion, innovation is perceived as a key tool for strengthening the artisanal sector but requires technical and financial support to overcome structural barriers. Sustainability, meanwhile, remains more of a discourse than a fully consolidated practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jhonn Jairo Angarita López, Fabio Camargo Morales,Gloria Jeanette Rincón-Aponte https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
The importance of the Income Statement in decision-making
Financial statements are fundamental instruments in decision making, both at the management level and for external stakeholders such as investors or banks. These allow us to evaluate the financial situation and compliance of a company, showing us outstanding information for strategic planning, control and evaluation of results. This work deals with decision making and how the income statement, although its objective is to identify what a company has generated (profits or losses), with this instrument they are also used in decision making; and to reach that decision-making, it is necessary to carry out a financial analysis that detects and evaluates the projections of the company's future in each of its accounts and through the techniques of horizontal analysis and vertical analysis it will reveal if it is profitable and will allow Managers make informed decisions in investment, financing and distribution of resources, in order to maximize the value of the company and mitigate financial risks. The use of this financial technique will make it easier for managers to anticipate liquidity problems or over-indebtedness, in order to make correct decisions before they negatively impact the organization
financial analysis and analysis techniques
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Alberto Bustamante Morales, Raúl Hernando Correa Arrieta,Carlos Alberto Romero Gracia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Strengthening the supply chain: Occupational health and safety practices in supplier selection for a lighting products marketing company
In a globalized and interconnected world, supply chains are a critical component for the efficiency and competitiveness of companies. Responsible management of these chains ensures their operability, compliance with the delivery of products, and has an impact on the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of the company. Therefore, in order to guarantee safe working environments, occupational health and safety management is of special relevance to protect the integrity of workers, optimize productivity, and improve corporate reputation. For this reason, the study's objective was to analyze occupational safety and health practices as criteria in selecting and evaluating suppliers for a company that imports and markets lighting products. Through a qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with personnel from the supplier companies, and the information was analyzed using NVivo software. The results revealed a significant variability of practices: training plans, hazard identification and risk assessment, emergency preparedness, audits, workplace inspections, employee health monitoring, social security affiliation, and improvement plans. It is concluded that incorporating Occupational Health and Safety criteria in the supplier selection process is essential to optimize occupational risk management, strengthen the contractual relationship between the company and its suppliers, and ensure compliance with national and international standards.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Ximena Sanchez Saavedra,Martha Isabel Riaño Casallas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Technology has transformed contemporary life through artificial intelligence dedicated to the study and development of systems capable of performing tasks as if they were executed by human beings. This technological advance has brought significant challenges for different economic sectors such as education, taking into account realize that this sector is fundamental for the development of human beings. This article focuses on the impact of artificial intelligence in education, knowing the perception that teachers in the municipality of Duitama have about the impact of artificial intelligence on the development of their activities. To comply with this, an instrument is applied that allows us to know the point of view that teachers of this population have.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Alberto Romero Gracia,Luisa Fernanda Camargo Salcedo,Carlos Alberto Bustamante Morales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Colombia Facing The Challenge Of Financial Education: A Reflection On Global Learnings And Paths To Build
This article reflects on the issue of the lack of financial education among students in the global, Latin American, and Colombian contexts. It proposes a possible solution through the implementation of effective strategies aimed at improving students' financial skills, such as the initiative proposed by the Ministry of National Education, Fasecolda, and Asobancaria called “Nueva Pangea.” The information sources considered for this reflection were extracted from databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Latindex, ProQuest, Publindex, and CvLAC, as well as from national and international institutions and organizations related to financial education, such as the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE), the Financial Superintendence of Colombia (SFC), the Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The recognition of the problem and its potential solutions are presented. It is concluded that improving financial skills requires a joint commitment from the government, families, and educational institutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alcides Suárez López,Juan Carlos Restrepo Botero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Relationship between Organizational Climate and Job Satisfaction: A Study in a Private Healthcare Institution in San Luis Potosí
Introduction: Organizational climate has a direct impact on the quality of institutional processes by influencing decision-making, communication, and problem-solving. A positive environment strengthens organizational culture and aligns staff behaviors with strategic objectives. In healthcare settings, both organizational climate and job satisfaction are key factors that enhance professional self-efficacy and contribute to improved service quality and user satisfaction. Objective: To examine the relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction among nursing staff in a private healthcare institution in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Methodology: This is a quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional study. A census sampling approach was applied, encompassing all active nursing personnel during February 2025. Statistical analyses were conducted using PASW Statistics 18. Cronbach’s alpha was employed to assess the internal consistency of the measurement instruments. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation, simple linear regression, and Kendall’s Tau-b coefficient were used, with a confidence level of 95%. Expected Results: A statistically significant and positive correlation is anticipated between organizational climate and job satisfaction. Descriptive statistics will allow for the characterization of both variables, while inferential analyses are expected to confirm the hypothesized relationship. Kendall’s Tau-b coefficient will provide additional support for the robustness of the association, suggesting that organizational climate may influence, directly or indirectly, the performance and well-being of nursing professionals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zuleyma del Carmen Rodríguez Castillo,Darío Gaytán Hernández, Sofia Cheverria Rivera, Isabel Cristina Flores Rueda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Organizational Climate and Job Performance as Determinants for Development in Organizations
Copyright (c) 2025 José Morelos Gómez, Harold Lora Guzmán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Challenges Posed by Accounting Harmonization on the Colombian-Venezuelan Border for the Training of Public Accounting Students in the Northeastern Region of Colombia
<!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Graphic_x0020_10" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:129.85pt; margin-top:-27.55pt;width:250.45pt;height:365.8pt;z-index:-15925248; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:0; mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text; v-text-anchor:top' coordsize="3180715,4645660" o:gfxdata="[binary] " path="m,4642103r3180587,em1621535,r,4645151e" filled="f" strokecolor="#a4a4a4" strokeweight=".26456mm"> <v:path arrowok="t"/> <w:wrap anchorx="page"/> </v:shape><![endif]--> Geographically the Norte de Santander department is strategically located, being the border area of greatest interest and importance to the bilateral relationship, promoted and encouraged from the regions, Cucuta (Colombia) and San Cristobal (Venezuela), which were consolidated as centers of driving the regional economy-border, which has made it possible to configure the most important axis cross-border trade in the Andean subregion, which takes place one of the most intense integration processes with implications on an international scale. In order to explore new fields that promote the training of professionals in the accounting area, the proposal aims to seek opportunities for study local, regional and binational, offering students and professionals, opportunities to unify on the contents of the accounting programs, promote comprehensive training processes.
Copyright (c) 2009 FACE: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Professional Consequences of Conceptual Weaknesses in the Field of Control
The conceptual weaknesses of control are, without a doubt, part of the causes of the byzantine discussions between the external auditor and the state reviewer. The problems of formation have their incidence in the instrumentation of the exercise oriented to the sterile financial audit supported by the sad, but famous work papers and with the null and void impact and social incidence. Only the norms aid in the exercise. It is not the same TO CONTROL as TO EVALUATE and then do a Follow-Up. Even now in the majority of the cases, the reviewer of the audit utilizes the rudimentary purposes of the EVALUATION concept and in some cases in the FOLLOW-UP but not those of CONTROL. This means that control is not practiced even though some particular norms demand this and others indicate a totally other difference.
Training Path for Entrepreneurship in Primary, Secondary, and Technical Education in Colombia
This research article contains the investigation results of the project titled: “The development of basic enterprising competences and its cross relationship with the promotion to the entrepreneurial spirit culture and the generation of successful businesses”. The purpose of this proposal was to show solutions to problem situations that are in the academic environment related to the processes that originated from the training and the practice of enterprising processes. The objective of the project was: “Determining the elements that take part in the constructions of the basic standards for the development of enterprising competences that should be included in the processes of integral formation for to the enterprising since the basic education to the higher. The project obeys to the need of tools that orient the processes of formation of the enterprising that is obligatory in public and private institutions of primary, sewndary and technical average in the country. As result of the investigation developed in the formation route for the enterprising that can be used for the schools to optimize the (formation processes for the enterprising.) Training integral processes using the development of the basic and transversal enterprising competences to maximize their features, values and capacities entrepreneurships.
The Past and Present of University-Business Integration
The objective of this document is to develop a conceptual approximation about the theory of the University-Business Transference; besides, this intends to formulate the empirical closeness taking previous references of transference in their processing. Initially, a brief historical outline is presented from the first links with business matters describing particular moments where some referenced investigators produce evidence of a continued relationship from its beginnings arising from the effect of human activity causing the necessity to work with great effort of understanding and applying knowledge of how this study ties-in with practice-theory to reach a more modern concept like the University-Business. So that this relationship can be effected, internal and external conditions must exist which are appropriate for the management of science and technology; a mentality of forming enterprise – the mentality of the scientist and the scientific mentality of the businessman (not inventors), in order to construct interdisciplinary teams at the University of Pamplona with that understanding among all concerned.
Direct Effects of the Armed Conflict in the Catatumbo Region: Displacement, Loss of Human Capital, and Disruption of the Labor Market
The armed conflict in Colombia is geographical with its temporal differences that permit the problems in the regions to give their evidence; such as: inequality, poverty, unemployment that facilitate and generate opportunities for armed groups to insert themselves by means of violence. Displaced people in the region of ‘Catatumbo’ has brought with it, a very serious humanitarian crisis including the uprooting of families losing their social ties and the placement of these people in their social network in the community. These homes lack the mechanisms to mitigate and confront the different pressures of the illegal, marginal groups with that powerful influence in the zone. At the same time there is an evidence of the loss of human capacities and the laboral market’s alteration as a definite consequence influencing, therefore, the development of autonomous action and liberty as a negative consequence. These are only the basic rights the community judges to be of value in order to enjoy a dignified and just life.
The peach: a process of change in agriculture in the province of Pamplona
In the Municipality of Chitagá in Northern Santander a beginning of the cultivation of the Peach (variety ‘Jarillo’) was seen from the nineties on. A planting of approximately twelve (12) hectares transformed the life of the region and began the expansion process of the cultivation in the Department of Northern Santander, one of the principle production areas in the country. This economic process where these communities have seen the beginnings of the conditions causing change and in-roads of transformation and spontaneous generation of elements that have arisen to persist and show expansion provoking synergies that catapult improvements in the local ambience. It seems to also show the transformation acting upon the farmers who integrate the economic system of those small enterprising farmers who began to perceive the market conditions and are part of what has been denominated as an endogenous process of development.
Analysis of the Colombian agricultural sector in the context of Latin American social problems
Farmers now face the new challenge of becoming entrepreneurs. This requires a radical transformation of the country side and of peasant mentality which must begin at primary school, through to agricultural college and universities. We need to form agricultural technicians with and innovativ mentalit that will make agricultural processes more efficient and using organic agriculture to close the gap with traditional agricultural practices. The result will be cleaner technologies which will significantly improve agricultural production and produce healthier food for the Colombian people.
Business studies related to the countryside,
In the present investigation the relations are analyzed between human development and economic growth in the regional Colombian area. For it, we adapt the methods of study proposed during the last years by Ranis, Stewart and Ramirez in those who consider the existence of four different situations in the relation between both variables: vicious circles, virtuous circles, biases pro-growth and biases I pro-develop. We apply the method to regional scale for all the Colombian regions.
biases pro-growth and biases I pro-develop.
This article deals with the analysis of informal job characteristics for the year 2001. The empirical evidence shows that the phenomenon of the irregular economy that is presented in practically all countries of the world with a certain degree of independence of economic development even though it is comparatively more significant in the countries ‘in via’ of their development, particularly in Colombia. Nonetheless, it is important to comprehend the numbers of those involved in this informal employment ambience affecting the economic politics, for the lack of protection and default of proper procedures for these workers, produced for the effects of studies by analysts, investigators, through public and academic organisms.
Brand equity: its impact on the online positioning of “Montubio” restaurant Portoviejo – Ecuador
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between brand value and online positioning of the restaurant "Montubio" located in the city of Portoviejo. We worked under a mixed approach, at a descriptive, correlational, exploratory and transversal level, since it aims at a defined time. A consumer survey and an interview with the restaurant owner were conducted, in addition to an analysis of the digital ecosystem of the brand. The main results showed a significant and high correlation (0.730) which reveals that there is a solid brand position and value from the customers' perspective, with high levels of recall, recognition, satisfaction, connection with local identity and preference over other similar options. However, areas for improvement were identified in web positioning, content and engagement to optimize the restaurant's digital presence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yaritza Gively Tutivén Fernández, Aarón Leonel Baduy Molina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Stock market movement of the world's: world's major pharmaceutical companies in the pandemic era
The objective of this research is to evaluate the behavioral dynamics of the shares of large pharmaceutical companies in the world in the period from 2016-2020, and the impact of the presence of COVID-19 on the finances of these companies. The analysis of the information was carried out by means of the statistical package R version 3.6.1 with interaction with the database reported by the Yahoo Finance portal through time series, where the variables evaluated were: share value at the opening and closing, financial performance, volume of shares issued. It was found that the statistics and economic indexes associated with large pharmaceutical companies in the first half of the year 2020 fell sharply in the stock market, having an effect on returns and on the volume of shares sold daily. With the development of COVID-19 vaccines, pharmaceutical companies generally increased profits, recovering from the crisis associated with the pandemic.
Copyright (c) 2025 FACE: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Approach To The Detection Of Financial Fraud In Credit Card Transactions Using Machine Learning
Today's society presents various and quite adverse social and environmental situations. The application of social marketing is needed to raise individual and collective awareness in their resolution. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the benefits of applying social marketing in promoting positive behavior for communities through various studies by non-profit institutions, the health sector, and the Autonomous University of Sinaloa (UAS). A comprehensive bibliographic review was conducted by various authors and the latest report from the UAS rector, which reflects the social work that the Rosalina house has been carrying out for more than 150 years. The application of social marketing is observed in non-profit organizations such as those in the District of Santa Marta, the health sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, and at the UAS, where it proved beneficial in solving social problems. The need to continue implementing social marketing in addressing social problems, protecting the environment, and in altruistic endeavors is evident, as well as in areas of opportunity to contribute to the well-being of young people, their families, workplaces, and communities.
Cognitive inertia and job performance in the tourism sector: a bibliometric analysis
This bibliometric study focuses on analyzing the frequency and relevance of publications that address cognitive inertia and job performance in the tourism sector. For this purpose, a systematic review of the literature was carried out using the Scopus database, obtaining a total of 692 articles. The annual growth rate is 9.4%, and all the documents are scientific articles. Likewise, 3355 authors have contributed to these publications. The highest volume of publications was recorded in 2021 and 2024, with 159 papers in both years, while 2020 had the lowest number, with only 111 published papers. According to Lotka's Law, 94.2% of the registered authors have a single contribution, while according to Bradford's Law, only 43 journals (9.5% of the total) account for 33.24% of the total number of publications. Regarding the most relevant sources, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH tops the list with 26 publications, followed by PLOS ONE with 20. In terms of production by country, the United States tops the list with 872 documents, followed by China with 342 publications. Among the most relevant institutions, NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY is located with 27 contributions, followed by UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA with 26. WANG Y tops the list as the most productive author with eight (8) contributions and the most cited article was the work of NA, 2023, ALZHEIMER'S DEMENTIA, with 1640 citations.
Sustainability monitoring index linked to public administration in decentralized entities in the Argentine Republic: its implementation in centrally managed universities
The objective of this paper is to analyze the Sustainability Monitoring Indices for public management in Argentina, the way resources are evaluated in state administration, and the axes identified for this purpose, in order to verify how they can be applied in centralized state-run universities. These indices are used equally in all public administration entities. This paper is based on the analysis of the Sustainability Monitoring Indices established by the Argentine State on environmental indicators for its state entities, and the different types of parameters used to measure organizational management in terms of the use of natural resources. Humans, in their eagerness to produce goods for consumption, have led the planet to a global environmental crisis. The excessive production of goods has produced harms such as water scarcity, deforestation, desertification, migration, extreme poverty, disease, pollution, among others. All of this has produced a paradigm shift that has led organizations to begin seeking solutions to reverse the situation. To achieve this, measures were taken such as the use of indices that make it possible to measure the damage caused by companies